Physiological expression in the oral cavity of the most common mutated genes in oral cancer

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is a life-threatening disease. It’s the second cause of mortality. It’s an international problem,and because of that,it’s one of the most researched topics. In dentistry,cancer is the most serious disease. Oral cancer mostly presents as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and affects the cells of the epithelial tissue. Early diagnosis and staging are essential. We wanted to study the physiological expression of the most common mutated genes in oral cancer to establish a relationship between gene expression and the disease. Objectives: The main objective of this research is to make dentists aware that they are the first to identify a potentially malignant lesion. Our secondary objective is to highlight the use of informatics data. Our tertiary objective is to know if the main mutated gene is expressed in healthy tissue. Materials and methods: Variable sources: the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC),the ICGC Data Portal,the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics,the National Cancer Institute: GDC Data Portal,the Haniffa Lab,and the human protein data base. Results: Dentists have a major role; they are the first to diagnose patients with potential oral cancer. Informatic data sharing and access to the history of cases permit advances and enhance survival. Without informatics,our research couldn’t take place. The most common mutated gene in oral cancer is TP53,but the highest expression of TP53 takes place in the keratinocytes (not in epithelial cells). Additionally,the expression of TP53 was similar in both healthy and pathological samples. Conclusion: The most common mutated gene was TP53. Other genes,such as PIK3CA,NOTCH1,CDKN2A,TTN,FAT1,and CASP8,were sometimes mutated,but the impact of these mutations on oral cancer remains uncertain. More research needs to be conducted