Interrelación ortodoncia periodoncia

Abstract

Introduction: In this bibliographic review, problems related to periodontics have been addressed at different levels that can improve or worsen with orthodontics such as open gingival embrasures, problems derived from orthodontics that require periodontal intervention such as gingivitis have also been developed caused by braces, gingival recession or loss of the tooth support. The most common orthodontic problems in periodontal disease have been mentioned, as well as the treatments that improve it at the orthodontic level. Finally, it has been related to orthodontics and implants, in the situation of the loss of a non-restorable tooth, before extraction, extrusion with orthodontics can be performed to increase the bone level. Objectives: Gingival health has been compared between patients with fixed orthodontics and removable transparent aligners, studied whether the bacterial load in the mouth increases in orthodontic patients and analyzed whether orthodontic appliances produce halitosis. Methodology: A bibliographic search was carried out in different databases such as Medline Complete or PubMed. Discussion: Different articles have been compared to analyze the differences in gingival health, both at the level of the periodontal indices, and at the bacterial level between carriers of various types of braces such as oral and lingual fixed orthodontics or invisible aligners. Also between self-ligating and conventional brackets. Conclusions: Patients with removable transparent aligners presented better gingival health conditions than fixed orthodontic users; especially significant if we compare it with fixed lingual orthodontics. There are no significant differences between the use of self ligating brackets and conventional braces. Bacteria associated with orthodontic appliances were practically irrelevant in halitosis.

Objetivos: se ha comparado la salud gingival entre pacientes portadores de ortodoncia fija y alineadores transparentes removibles, estudiado si la carga bacteriana en boca aumenta en pacientes con ortodoncia y analizado si los aparatos de ortodoncia producen halitosis. Metodología: se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos como Medline Complete o PubMed. Discusión: se han comparado diferentes artículos para analizar las diferencias en la salud gingival, tanto a nivel de los índices periodontales, como a nivel bacteriano entre portadores de varios tipos de aparatos como son la ortodoncia fija bucal y lingual o alineadores invisibles. También entre brackets autoligados y convencionales. Conclusiones: los pacientes con alineadores transparentes removibles, presentaron mejores condiciones de salud gingival que los usuarios de ortodoncia fija; especialmente significativo si comparamos con ortodoncia fija lingual. No hay diferencias significativas entre el uso de brackets autoligados y brackets convencionales. Las bacterias asociadas a los aparatos de ortodoncia no tuvieron prácticamente relevancia en la halitosis.