Greater and lesser palatine nerves: anatomical variations and its relevance on clinical practice

Abstract

Introduction: The correct and thorough knowledge of the human anatomy is the core tenet of modern medicine,in every type of specialties and fields. Dentistry is no exception,notably when considering the numerous types of surgical interventions of various magnitude that can be perform for a variety of treatments. As such,the greater and lesser palatine nerves are considered as key components for the dental practice; Methodology and Objectives: This review aims to revise the scientific literature regarding the greater and lesser palatine nerves anatomy and that of their surrounding and associated structures,in order to assess variabilities encountered in the general population as well as techniques permitting precise pre-emptive anatomical assessments of such potential variations; Results: Studies realised in a variety of populations and geographical locations have shown that the structures of the greater and lesser palatine nerves are not homogeneous,and present in fact a great array of variabilities,be it by gender,age,observed sides,facial morphological patterns,and ethnicities; Discussion: These variabilities,if ignored,increase the potential iatrogenic risks for our patients,and must therefore be considered. In a parallel way,the observation and study of the human facial anatomical characteristics has been rendered increasingly more accessible,precise and effective due to the relatively recent development of three-dimensional imagery techniques,notably in the form of Cone Beam Computerised Tomography materials and associated methodology; Conclusion: The discoveries and confirmations of the existence of anatomical variations in the human anatomy of the greater and lesser palatine nerves pose a challenge for the dental practitioner performing treatments involving these particular structures. However,the ever-increasing accessibility of more advanced and cost- effective imagery techniques permitting the study with great precision of these landmarks allow to respond appropriately to any type of anatomical characteristics that our patients may present.