Introduction: Periodontal disease is an infectious inflammatory disease of
multifactorial origin, affecting the supporting tissues of the teeth and can lead to tooth
loss. Bacteria can reach the bloodstream and thus reach other parts of the body
through the ulcerated periodontal pockets. Periodontal disease may therefore be linked
to certain systemic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, pregnancy
complications, respiratory diseases and Alzheimer’s disease, and could be a risk factor
for them.
Objective: Performing a literature review, with the aim of understanding how
periodontal disease affects certain systemic conditions and what the effects are.
Material and methods: A literature search was carried out in different databases such
as Pubmed, Google Scholar, with the use of keywords limited by inclusion and
exclusion criteria.
Results: It has been observed that periodontal disease can have an effect on systemic
diseases such as: diabetes (in this specific case the relationship is bidirectional),
cardiovascular diseases (in particular atherosclerosis), pregnancy complications (such
as premature births, low birth weight infants and pre-eclampsia), respiratory diseases
(including COPD), and Alzheimer's disease.
Conclusion: Numerous studies have correlated periodontitis with systemic
pathologies. Because this relationship exists, the implication of each must be
understood in order to make a proper diagnosis and ensure appropriate management
of the patient. However, the benefits of periodontal treatments on general health are
not yet proven. It is therefore new research on periodontal therapeutics that must be
initiated in the future.
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