Updating of Periimplantitis Treatment

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this literature research was to evaluate the present knowledge concerning the indication and efficacy of the current therapeutic modalities to treat peri-implantitis. Introduction: Implants are routine dental treatments that are increasingly leading to biological complications. The peri-implant disease includes two clinical entities: peri-implant Mucositis and peri-implantitis. The first is associated with soft tissue inflammation while the second is accompanied by progressive bone loss. Discussion: Peri-implantitis treatment modalities can be non-surgical and surgical. Non-surgical treatment comprises manual debridement, mechanical debridement, and chemical decontamination which should be the first-in-line therapy. Conservative therapy is effective against peri-implant mucositis but insufficient to treat peri-implantitis making subsequent surgical therapy necessary. Surgical interventions compromise access flap, resective surgery, and regenerative therapy having each different indication. Additionally, implantoplasty may be done in conjunction with the mentioned surgical procedures. To obtain long-lasting treatment effectiveness, subsequent maintenance therapy is required. However, the possibility of implant removal needs to be considered in case of poor prognosis, treatment impossibility, or the patient’s desire. Methods: The essay has been conducted by reviewing articles published during the last decade. 31 articles have been discussed of which 25 appertaining to the past five years and 6 to the last decade. Conclusion: Non-surgical treatment should be the first-in-line therapy however, it appears to be insufficient to treat peri-implantitis requiring subsequent surgical intervention as it provides the necessary access for tissue and implant decontamination. To date, no universal treatment modality is available, and to achieve a successful peri-implantitis treatment outcome, following a strict maintenance program is essential.